Quality of Life in Thyroid Cancer Patients Receiving Radioactive Iodine Therapy: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5530/ajphs.2026.16.98Keywords:
Iodine-131, Radioiodine therapy, Thyroid cancer, Thyroidectomy, Quality of lifeAbstract
Thyroid cancer is regarded as the most prevalent form of endocrine malignancy, with a consistently rising global incidence. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), which includes papillary and follicular types, usually has a good prognosis and high survival rates. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy with iodine-131 is crucial in the management following thyroidectomy. But the side effects of treatment have a big impact on how well patients live (QoL). The goal of this review is to look at how radioactive iodine therapy affects the quality of life of people with thyroid cancer. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to locate studies published between 2000 and 2025. Eligible studies included original research articles, cohort studies, and reviews assessing the quality of life in patients undergoing radioactive iodine therapy. The results show that RAI therapy has an effect on many areas of quality of life. Fatigue, dry mouth, problems with the salivary glands, changes in taste, and trouble swallowing are some of the most common physical side effects. People often say they feel anxious, depressed, or afraid of getting sick again, even though they have good survival rates. Social and functional impairments, such as diminished work productivity and temporary isolation during treatment, contribute to a decline in quality of life (QoL). Although some studies suggest gradual improvement over time, long-term survivors may continue to experience persistent symptoms and reduced well-being. Incorporating routine QoL assessments and adopting a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach can help mitigate these effects and improve overall patient outcomes.
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