Understanding and Managing Acne Vulgaris: Causes, Symptoms, Types and Treatment Options
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5530/ajphs.2026.16.90Keywords:
Acne, Propionibacterium acnes, Acne causes, Acne types, Acne treatmentAbstract
Acne is a common skin condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide, causing physical and psychological distress. This article aims to provide an overview of the causes, symptoms, different types of acne and their respective treatments. The causes of acne vulgaris are multifactorial, involving an increase in sebum secretion, bacteria, inflammation, hormonal changes, androgens, genetics, diet, medicine, cosmetics, stress, environmental factors, and lifestyle factors. The types of acne discussed include non-inflammatory lesions, also called comedones, which include blackheads and whiteheads. Inflammatory lesions include pustules, papules, nodules, and cysts. Various treatment options, particularly topical and oral medications, are available for acne vulgaris. Topical treatments, such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, retinoids, and antibiotics, are commonly used for mild to moderate acne. For more severe cases, oral medications like antibiotics, isotretinoin, and hormonal therapy can be used. Hormonal therapy, such as a combination of oral contraceptives and anti-androgens, is recommended primarily for female patients. The effectiveness of each treatment method varies depending on the type and severity of acne, as well as individual patient factors such as skin type, age, hormonal status, and treatment tolerance. By understanding the distinct characteristics of each acne type and the available treatment options, healthcare professionals can make up-to-date decisions and tailor treatment plans to meet the specific needs of patients.
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